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If you have spent any time writing SQL queries, chances are high you have encountered the ALL and ANY keywords. These SQL keywords are used with comparison operator to filter data in your queries.
The ALL Keyword
The ‘ALL’ keyword in SQL is used to compare a value to all values in another value set. The query returns true and fetches the rows if the condition is TRUE for ALL the values in the column that the condition is being compared to.
Here’s an example:
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SELECT ProductName FROM Products WHERE ProductPrice > ALL (SELECT ProductPrice FROM Products WHERE SellerId = 1); |
In the above SQL statement, we’re selecting all of the product names from our “Products” table where the product price is greater than all of the product prices from the same table where the SellerId is 1.
The ANY Keyword
The ‘ANY’ keyword in SQL is used to compare a value to any values in another value set. If the condition proves to be TRUE for ANY single value in the column it is being compared to, then the query will return and fetch the rows.
Here’s an example:
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SELECT ProductName FROM Products WHERE ProductPrice > ANY (SELECT ProductPrice FROM Products WHERE SellerId = 1); |
In this case, the SQL statement is selecting all of the product names from the “Products” table where the product price is greater than any (at least one of) the product prices from the same table where the SellerId is 1.
Wrapping Up
Both ‘ALL’ and ‘ANY’ keywords in SQL provides valuable ways to compare a value to a list or subquery of values. Understanding how and when to use these keywords can significantly improve your ability to write efficient and powerful queries.